Cancer is a disorder that prompts the bodily cells to multiply and spread faster than the normal rate of growth. Cervical cancer in particular, is caused when cancer strikes the cells of the cervix, located in the lower part of a uterus and attached to the vagina, or birth canal.
Cervical cancer is mainly divided into three types: squamous cell carcinoma (which affects the exocervix), adenocarcinomas (which affect the gland cells), and adenosquamous carcinoma, however the last type is considered extremely rare.
Cervical cancer has many causes many of which are genetic in nature. However, cervical cancer has also been linked to long term use of birth control pills or hormones, several pregnancies, long-term mental stress, smoking, contracting human papillomavirus (HPV) from an infected partner, and weakened immune system.
Symptoms of cervical cancer
At its initial stage, cervical cancer invades the tissues of the cervix. But, gradually as it progresses, cancerous cells can spread to other internal organs, such as the nearby rectum, vagina, bladder, liver, and lungs. There are a few symptoms which will start pointing that you are affected with cervical cancer:
- Painful intercourse
- Pelvic pain
- Unusually colored and foul smelling urine
- Abnormal discharge
- Vaginal bleeding
Diagnosing of cervical cancer
Proper diagnosing is an important step which will help your oncologist to detect the type of cancer you have. Some of the well-known tests for cervical cancer include a pap smear, pelvic exam, HPV, and colposcopy.
Various treatments for cervical cancer
A number of options are available for cervical cancer treatment. But, before choosing the best one for you, the oncologist has to determine the stage and progression of cervical cancer in your body. Treatment options may include:
- Targeted therapy
- Surgery
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
